《环境昆虫学报》

为针对不同的茄科蔬菜制定更好的番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta防治对策，于2023-2024年连续2年在伊犁哈萨克自治州伊宁县喀尔墩乡库克兰木蔬菜基地进行露地和保护地2种栽培方式下番茄潜叶蛾在番茄、茄子和辣椒3种茄科蔬菜上的种群消长动态调查，比较番茄潜叶蛾在3种常见茄科蔬菜上的种群消长动态。同时，采用植株受害5级评估法评估番茄潜叶蛾对番茄、茄子和辣椒叶片的为害程度，结果表明，番茄潜叶蛾对番茄叶片的为害程度最高，单个叶片为害面积大于35%（V级）的叶片数量最高达到植株总叶片数量的45.6%，对番茄果实的蛀果率均值最高达到7.8%；番茄潜叶蛾对茄子叶片的为害程度相对较低，单个叶片为害面积大于35%（V级）的叶片数量最高达到植株总叶片数量的4.2%，未发现为害茄子果实；未发现番茄潜叶蛾为害辣椒叶片和果实。番茄和茄子上番茄潜叶蛾成虫、卵、幼虫和蛹4个虫态最大发生量均出现在6-8月，且4个虫态在番茄上的发生量远大于茄子。田间调查未在辣椒上发现番茄潜叶蛾的为害症状，也未监测到番茄潜叶蛾的卵、幼虫和蛹，但在露地和保护地大棚的辣椒地均可诱集到大量成虫，这一方面可能是由于辣椒田中有龙葵等茄科杂草，另一方面可能是辣椒田周边有番茄和茄子种植，且种植距离小于性诱芯的引诱距离20 m。综上，在伊犁地区番茄潜叶蛾主要在6-8月发生，且3种蔬菜中，主要危害番茄，其次是茄子，完全不危害辣椒，应采取不同的防治策略。本研究有助于及时发现和控制番茄潜叶蛾，减少经济损失，为重大入侵害虫番茄潜叶蛾的综合防控技术研发提供理论基础。

英文摘要:

In order to develop a better control strategy for Tuta absoluta on different solanaceous vegetables, the population dynamics of T. absoluta on tomato, eggplant and pepper under two cultivation methods (open field and protected greenhouse) were investigated in Kukelanmu vegetable base of Kaerdun Township, Yining County, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture for two consecutive years from 2023 to 2024, and the population dynamics of T. absoluta on three common solanaceous vegetables were compared. At the same time, the damage degree of T. absoluta to tomato, eggplant and pepper leaves was evaluated by the five-degree evaluation method of plant damage. The results showed that the damage degree of T. absoluta to tomato leaves was the highest. The number of leaves with a single leaf damage area more than 35% (V level) reached as high as 45.6% of the total number of leaves in the plant, and the average fruit-boring rate of tomato fruit reached as high as 7.8%. The damage degree of T. absoluta to eggplant leaves was relatively low, and the number of leaves with a single leaf damage area more than 35% (V level) reached as high as 4.2% of the total number of leaves, and no damage to eggplant fruit was found. T. absoluta was not found to damage pepper leaves and fruits. The maximum amount of adult, egg, larva and pupa of T. absoluta on tomato and eggplant was from June to August, and the number of these four stages on tomato was more than that on eggplant. The field investigation did not find the damage symptoms of T. absoluta on pepper, and the eggs, larvae and pupae of T. absoluta had not been detected. However, a large number of adults could be trapped in the pepper fields of open field and protected greenhouse. This could be due to the presence of Solanaceae weeds such as Solanum nigrum in the pepper field. On the other hand, it could be that tomatoes and eggplants were not planted around the pepper field, and the planting distance was less than the attraction distance of the sex lure (20 m). In summary, the T. absoluta in Ili area mainly appeared from June to August, and among the three vegetables, it mainly harmed tomato, followed by eggplant, and did not harm pepper at all. Different control strategies should be adopted. This study is helpful to detect and control the T. absoluta in time, reduce economic losses, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of comprehensive prevention and control technology for the major invasive pest T. absoluta.

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