《环境昆虫学报》

为了明确影响日本食蚧蚜小蜂Coccophagus japonicus过寄生的因子及其对发育与繁殖的影响，于室内在不同接蜂比例、♀蜂驻留时间、接蜂间隔时间及寄主龄期条件下观察了日本食蚧蚜小蜂的过寄生情况，并观察了该蜂在高过寄生率（蜂蚧比为1﹕5）条件下，以橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra 2龄若虫、3龄若虫、1~2日龄成虫（初期成虫）和10~11日龄成虫（褐色期成虫）为寄主时的发育历期、寿命、出蜂量及雌蜂体长。结果表明，接蜂比例、♀蜂驻留时间、接蜂间隔时间及寄主龄期均是日本食蚧蚜小蜂发生过寄生的重要影响因子，日本食蚧蚜小蜂过寄生率随接蜂比例下降而降低，蜂蚧比为1﹕5时过寄生率最高（91.03%），1﹕30时过寄生比例最低（11.61%）；接蜂间隔时间为6 d时其过寄生率最高，为57.72%；♀蜂驻留时间在0~48 h范围内，过寄生率随驻留时间增加而上升，驻留时间48 h时最高（30.41%）；寄主龄期对该蜂的过寄生率影响明显，以寄主为3龄若虫时最高（54.40%）。与对照相比，过寄生时的日本食蚧蚜小蜂发育历期延长，成虫寿命缩短，身体更小，出蜂量多，高过寄生率条件下寄生蜂的发育历期除寄主为2龄橡副珠蜡蚧时短于对照外，其余处理均长于对照，雌成蜂寿命及体长则均短于对照，出蜂数除以初期成虫为寄主外，寄主为其余3个龄期的橡副珠蜡蚧均多于对照。综上，接蜂比例、接蜂时间、两次接蜂的间隔时间、寄主龄期等是日本食蚧蚜小蜂发生过寄生的重要影响因子；发生过寄生后，日本食蚧蚜小蜂的发育历期延长、品质下降，但从寄主中获得的后代概率略有提高。

英文摘要:

This study aims to clarify the factors influencing the superparasitism by parasitoid wasp, Coccophagus japonicus and its impact on the development and reproduction. The observations were conducted under various conditions of different parasitoid densities, female residence time, intervals between wasp releases and host stages. Also, the development, longevity, adult emergence and body length of the wasps were assessed, when four different stages of host, Parasaissetia nigra, facing high superparasitism condition (1 parasitoid: 5 scales). The result showed that parasitoid density, female residence time, interval between wasp releases and host stage all were factors influencing the superparasitism of Coccophagus japonicus. The superparasitism rate of C. japonicus decreased with the decrease of parasitoid density. The highest superparasitism rate (91.03%) was found when the wasp-host ratio was 1 : 5, and the lowest superparasitism rate (11.61%) was found when the wasp-host ratio was 1 : 30. For intervals between C. japonicus releases, the highest rate of superparasitism was 57.72% at 6 d interval. When the female residence time of C. japonicus was in the range of 0-48 h, superparasitism rate increased with residence time increasing, and the highest superparasitism rate was 30.41% at a residence time of 48 h. The effect of host stage was also observed, and the highest superparasitism rate (54.40%) was found when using 3rd instar P. nigra as hosts. In general, the wasps had longer developmental time, shorter longevities and shorter body lengths compared to control condition, whereas more adult emergence was recorded under high superparasitism rate. There were two exceptions: The wasp developmental time was shorter under high superparasitism rate compared to control condition when using the 2nd instar P. nigra as hosts, and less adult emergence was observed when using the early adult stage of P. nigra as hosts. Therefore, the study showed that the parasitoid density, female residence time, interval between wasp releases and host stage are important factors influencing the superparasitism by C. japonicus. Superparasitism led to extended development periods and reduced quality of C. japonicus, although the probability of obtaining offspring from the host was slightly increased.

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