《环境昆虫学报》

调查额济纳胡杨林昆虫资源现状，分析昆虫群落多样性，为额济纳胡杨林昆虫资源建立数据基础和保护胡杨林提供生态学依据。于2023年5-7月，采用色板法、马氏网法、灯诱法、扫网法和糖醋液法，对额济纳天然和不同干扰类型胡杨林昆虫群落结构和多样性进行了调查和分析。结果显示，共采集昆虫标本182 973头，隶属于12目170科793种，半翅目、双翅目、膜翅目和鞘翅目昆虫为优势类群，且双翅目昆虫个体数量远大于其他目，占总个体数量的52.434%，其次是半翅目占21.134%。在天然胡杨林中，个体数量为优势类群的有半翅目和双翅目，昆虫个体数量表现为：过熟林>幼龄林>中龄林>衰亡林，中龄林的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）最大，衰亡林大的Margalef丰富度指数（dM）最大，5月昆虫多样性指数最低，幼龄林中植食性昆虫的个体数量（16 752头)和捕食性昆虫的个体数（6 854头）最多。在不同干扰类型胡杨林中，个体数量为优势类群的有半翅目和双翅目，昆虫个体数量表现为：放牧区胡杨林>旅游区胡杨林>农田区胡杨林，放牧区胡杨林中的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）和Margalef丰富度指数（dM）最大，5月昆虫多样性指数最低，放牧区胡杨林中植食性昆虫的个体数量（7 846头)和捕食性昆虫的个体数量（4 664头）最多。研究结果初步揭示额济纳胡杨林昆虫的种类、数量和群落的多样性，实时了解昆虫群落的动态变化，进一步管理胡杨林和害虫防治提供生态学依据。

英文摘要:

To investigate the current situation of the insect resources of Populus euphratica forest in Ejina and analyze the diversity of insect community in order to provide ecological basis for establishing the data base of the insect resources and protecting the P. euphratica forest in Ejina. From May to July 2023, the insect community structure and diversity of natural and different disturbance types of P. euphratica forest in Ejina were investigated and analyzed by using color plate method, Malaise net method, lamp lure method, sweeping net method and sweet and sour solution method. The results showed that a total of 182 973 insect specimens were collected, belonging to 12 orders, 170 families, and 793 species. Hemiptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera were the dominant groups, and the number of Diptera individuals was far greater than that of other orders, accounting for 52.434% of the total number of individuals, followed by Hemiptera at 21.134%. In the natural P. euphratica forest, the dominant groups in terms of individual numbers are Hemiptera and Diptera, the number of insect individuals shows the following order: Over-mature forest > Young forest > Middle forest > Declining forest, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) was the largest in the middle forest, and the Margalef richness index (dM) was the largest in the Declining forest, the insect diversity index was the lowest in May, the number of phytophagous insects (16 752) and predatory insects (6 854) was the largest in the young forest. In the P. euphratica forests with different disturbance types, the dominant groups in terms of individual numbers are Hemiptera and Diptera, the number of insect individuals shows the following order: Grazing area P. euphratica forest > Tourist area P. euphratica forest > Farmland area P. euphratica forest, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and the Margalef richness index (dM) are the largest in the Grazing area P. euphratica forest, the insect diversity index is the lowest in May, the number of phytophagous insects (7 846) and predatory insects (4 664) was the largest in the Grazing area P. euphratica forest. The results preliminarily revealed the diversity of insect species, quantity and community in P. euphratica forest, and provided ecological basis for further management of P. euphratica forest and pest control by understanding the dynamic changes of insect community in real time.

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