《环境昆虫学报》

枣飞象Pachyrhinus yasumatsui隶属鞘翅目Coleoptera象甲科Curculionidae是我国枣树重要的食芽害虫。该象甲主要以成虫取食枣芽、嫩叶为害，当种群爆发时，将新萌发枣芽啃食干净，出现枣股光秃和抽干的现象，迫使枣树消耗大量养分再次萌芽，仅能结少量苦涩枣果，严重影响红枣产量和品质，给红枣产区造成巨大经济损失。为了科学有效管理控制枣飞象，我国科技工作者在该象甲形态学特征、分布与为害、个体发育与生活史、种群空间分布与遗传多样性、触角感器与嗅觉机制、综合防治技术等方面取得了一定进展。目前枣飞象在我国北方所有枣区均有分布，为害具有聚集性和暴发性，防治难度较大。枣飞象的早期防控有深翻枣园、适时灌水、铺设地膜等农业防治措施，树干上涂粘虫胶是控制枣飞象的主要物理控制技术，但化学防治仍然是压低枣飞象虫口密度的最重要和有效的防治方式。目前基于枣树挥发物主导的枣飞象寄主定向化学通讯机制引起人们重视和关注，部分具有生物活性的信息物质和嗅觉分子机制已经被解析，为发展植物源引诱剂为主的生物防治技术提供了依据。本文在系统综述现阶段枣飞象相关研究工作基础上，展望该象甲需重点开展的研究方向，旨在为枣飞象绿色防控与科学治理提供参考依据。

英文摘要:

Pachyrhinus yasumatsui (Coleoptera: Curculionidae ) is an important bud-eating pest of jujube in China. The weevil mainly feeds on jujube buds and young leaves. When the population breaks out, the newly germinated jujube buds are eaten clean, and the jujube stocks are bare and the jujube branches are dried. The feeding of P. yasumatsui forced the tree to consume a large amount of nutrients to sprout again, and only a small amount of bitter jujube fruit could be produced, which seriously reduced the yield and quality of jujube fruit, and caused huge economic losses to the jujube area. In order to effectively control the damage caused by P. yasumatsui, scientists have made many advances in the morphological feature, distribution and damage, the growth of the individual and life history, spacial distribution and genetic diversity, antennal sensilla and olfactory mechanism, and integrated control techniques. P. yasumatsui has found in all jujube regions of northern China. It has a relatively wide range of host plants for feeding. The damage caused by P. yasumatsui has characteristics of aggregation and outbreak, making prevention and control quite challenging. The early prevention and control of P. yasumatsui mainly focused on agricultural prevention and control measures such as deep ploughing jujube orchards, timely irrigation, and paving plastic film. Sticking insect glue on the trunk was the main physical control measure to control P. yasumatsui, but chemical control is still the most important and effective prevention and control method to reduce the density of weevils. In recent years, the host-directed chemical communication mechanism of P. yasumatsui, which is dominated by the volatiles of the jujube, has attracted attention and concern. Some biologically active information substances and olfactory molecular mechanisms have been analyzed, which provides a basis for the development of biological control technology for P. yasumatsui based on plant-derived attractants. This article reviews the current research on P. yasumatsui and anticipates future development trends from the perspective of the development of environmentally-friendly control methods. It aims to provide reference materials and theoretical basis for the green management and scientific management of P. yasumatsui.

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