《环境昆虫学报》

白蚁的后肠膨大特化，为肠道微生物提供了栖息地。除了白蚁科的白蚁外，其它白蚁肠道内都含有原生动物。白蚁肠道原生动物归属于副基体门Parabasalia和前轴柱门Preaxostyla锐滴虫目Oxymonadida。白蚁肠道原生动物与多种细菌共生，二者存在共进化现象。白蚁、原生动物与细菌形成了一个三重共生系统。肠道原生动物在肠道内的分布具有异质性。肠道原生动物的传递机制既保证了肠道微生物群落的稳定性，也使白蚁肠道微生物群落不断进化。此外，白蚁肠道原生动物丰度受到白蚁品级和食物等多种因素的影响。肠道原生动物对于白蚁至关重要，能够进行木质纤维素的分解和固氮作用，参与肠道内的气体代谢，并为白蚁提供营养物质。本文对肠道原生动物的分类、原生动物共生细菌、原生动物的空间分布、传递和功能等方面进行了综述，以期为后续研究提供有益参考。

英文摘要:

The hindgut of termites is enlarged and specialized, providing a habitat for intestinal microorganisms. Except for termites belonging to the Termitidae family, all other termite species harbor protists in their guts. These gut protists are classified under the Parabasalia phylum and Preaxostyla phylum Oxymonadida order. The gut protists of termites coexist with various bacteria, exhibiting a coevolutionary relationship. Termites, protists, and bacteria form a triplex symbiotic system. The distribution of gut protists within the intestine demonstrates heterogeneity. The transmission mechanism of gut protists not only ensures the stability of the gut microbiota but also facilitates the continuous evolution of the gut microbiota in termites. Additionally, the abundance of gut protists in termites is influenced by various factors, including termite caste and diet. Gut protists are crucial for termites as they contribute to the decomposition of lignocellulose, nitrogen fixation, participation in intestinal gas metabolism, and the provision of nutrients to termites. This article provides a comprehensive review of the classification of gut protists, symbiotic bacteria of protists, spatial distribution, transmission, and functions of protists, aiming to offer a valuable reference for future research.

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