《环境昆虫学报》

性状特征是物种与生态系统关系的具体体现，探究物种功能性状多样性的海拔格局是揭示生物多样性空间分布格局和形成机制的重要研究内容。海拔梯度下以气候和土地利用变化等环境因子是影响蝗虫群落分布格局及构建机制的重要因素，当前蝗虫群落的功能性状垂直分布格局的系统研究任然非常缺乏。本研究于2022年6月至9月，在金沙江流域永仁地区1 200~2 400 m海拔范围内开展调查，基于设置84样地中使用扫网法捕获的蝗虫数据，利用线性和二次回归模型探索并比较了蝗虫功能性状（个体大小、相对翅长、体色、生活型、食性）的群落加权平均性状多样性指数沿海拔梯度的分布特征，并使用随机森林模型解析海拔梯度下气候、土壤、植被生产力和土地利用变量对蝗虫性状多样性垂直分布格局的影响。结果显示：（1）中等个体大小、禾草型食性的性状多样性沿海拔梯度呈显著的“U”型分布格局；短翅型相对翅长和绿色型体色性状多样性沿海拔梯度呈显著的线性递减分布格局；兼食型食性的性状多样性沿海拔梯度呈显著的单峰型分布格局。（2）功能丰富度指数、功能均匀度指数、功能离散度指数沿海拔梯度均呈显著的线性递减趋势。（3）随机森林模型分析结果表明,蝗虫不同性状对环境因子响应程度不一致，草地面积占比、NDVI植被归一化指数、水蒸气压是较多性状的共同关键解释因子。综上，金沙江干热河谷地区,蝗虫功能性状多样性海拔格局存在差异，不同自然环境梯度和土地利用类型分布是主要影响因子。本研究结果可为金沙江干热河谷地区生物多样性保护和生态恢复提供理论基础。

英文摘要:

Functional traits are the concrete embodiment of the relationship between species and ecosystems, and exploring the altitudinal pattern of functional trait diversity of species is an important part of the study to reveal the spatial distribution pattern and formation mechanism of biodiversity. Environmental factors such as climate and land use change under the altitudinal gradient are important factors affecting the distribution pattern and mechanism of locust communities, and there is a lack of systematic research on the vertical distribution pattern of functional traits in locust communities. In this study, we conducted a survey from June to September 2022 in the Yongren area of the Jinsha River Basin within the altitude range of 1 200 m to 2 400 m. Based on the data of locusts collected in 84 sample plots by sweep net method, we explored and compared the distribution characteristics of locust community-weighted average trait diversity indices along the altitude gradient of functional traits (individual size, relative wing length, body colour, life type, feeding habit) by using linear and quadratic regression models. We also used a random forest model to analyse the effects of climate, soil, vegetation productivity and land use variables on the vertical distribution pattern of locust trait diversity along the altitudinal gradient. The results showed that: (1) The diversity of traits among medium-sized and graminivorous feeding habits locusts followed a significant 'U'-shaped distribution pattern along the altitude gradient. The diversity of traits among brachypterous and green body color locusts showed a significant linear decrease along the altitude gradient. Finally, the diversity of traits among mixed-feeding feeding habits locusts showed a significant single-peak distribution pattern along the altitude gradient. (2) The altitudinal gradient was found to have a significant linear decreasing effect on the functional richness index, functional homogeneity index, and functional dispersion index. (3) The analysis of the random forest model revealed inconsistent responses of different locust traits to environmental factors. The proportion of grassland area, NDVI vegetation normalisation index, and water vapour pressure were identified as the common key explanatory factors for multiple traits. In conclusion, the study found that the altitudinal pattern of locust functional trait diversity varied in the Jinshajiang River dry and hot valley, and that the distribution of different natural environmental gradients and land-use types were the main influencing factors. These results provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in the Jinshajiang River valley.

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