《环境昆虫学报》

卵子发生是昆虫生殖过程中的关键环节，它不仅确保了种群的繁衍和遗传信息的传递，还与昆虫的适应性进化和社会结构的形成密切相关，本文概述了调控卵子发生的机制，包括形态学变化、功能意义以及多种影响因素。形态学上，卵子发生涉及从原始生殖细胞发育为成熟卵母细胞的连续过程，这一过程在不同昆虫中有所差异。影响因素上包括深入探索激素调控机制的多样性、环境和营养因素如何精细调控生殖过程，以及非激素因素如MicroRNA、转录因子、免疫信号和微生物代谢在卵子发生中的作用。内分泌激素，特别是保幼激素和蜕皮激素，在卵子发生中发挥核心作用，它们通过调节生殖干细胞的自我更新、卵母细胞成熟和营养供给等关键环节。不同昆虫中这些激素的作用机制存在差异，反映了昆虫在生殖调控上的多样性。除了激素调控，环境和营养因素也通过影响内分泌或神经系统对卵子发生产生影响。气候变化、营养状况等外部条件可以改变昆虫的生殖策略，从而影响种群的适应性和生存。此外，MicroRNA和转录因子在基因表达调控和细胞命运决定中扮演关键角色，而免疫信号和微生物代谢与卵子发生的相互作用也逐渐成为研究的焦点。因此，本文旨在为理解昆虫卵子发生的复杂调控网络提供了全面的视角，并指出了未来研究潜在方向。

英文摘要:

Oogenesis serves as a critical component in the reproductive cycle of insects, ensuring not only the perpetuation of species and the transmission of genetic information but also playing a significant role in the adaptive evolution and the establishment of social structures within insect populations. This article outlines the regulatory mechanisms of oogenesis, encompassing morphological transformations, functional implications, and a multitude of influencing factors. Morphologically, oogenesis entails a continuous developmental process from primordial germ cells to mature oocytes, which varies among different insect species. Influencing factors include the diversity of hormonal regulatory mechanisms, the nuanced control of reproductive processes by environmental and nutritional factors, and the roles of non-hormonal elements such as MicroRNAs, transcription factors, immune signals, and microbial metabolism in oogenesis. Endocrine hormones, particularly juvenile hormone and ecdysteroids, exert a central influence on oogenesis by modulating key stages such as germline stem cell self-renewal, oocyte maturation, and nutrient provision. The mechanisms of action of these hormones differ across species, reflecting the diversity in insect reproductive regulation. Beyond hormonal control, environmental and nutritional factors also impact oogenesis by affecting the endocrine or nervous systems. External conditions like climate change and nutritional status can alter reproductive strategies in insects, thereby influencing the adaptability and survival of populations. Additionally, MicroRNAs and transcription factors play pivotal roles in the regulation of gene expression and cell fate determination, while the interplay between immune signaling and microbial metabolism with oogenesis is gaining research interest. Consequently, this article aims to provide a comprehensive perspective for understanding the intricate regulatory network of insect oogenesis and points toward potential directions for future research.

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