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| 四纹豆象幼期检疫技术的改进 |
| Improvement of quarantine techniques for detecting early-stage of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-05 修订日期：2024-09-12 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 检疫技术 四纹豆象 幼虫发育阶段 漂浮法 卵粒洗脱 |
| 英文关键词:quarantine techniques Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius larval developmental stages flotation method egg elution |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1400104) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 四纹豆象是我国进境植物检疫性害虫、农业植物检疫性害虫,严重威胁储藏豆类安全,目前虽有多种检测方法,但在检测准确度、操作简便性等方面存在不足,而且均针对幼虫、蛹和成虫期,缺乏卵的检测方法,易导致漏检。本研究针对现行漂浮法(采用饱和NaCl溶液)检测中蛀害程度较轻豆粒难以浮起这一问题,通过对比绿豆粒在饱和NaCl和CaCl2溶液中的漂浮特性,发现采用1.35 g/cm3的CaCl2溶液可提高检出率,尤其对低龄幼虫的检出具有明显优势,可将最早检出时间提前至初孵幼虫蛀入豆粒后24 h。比较了5种豆粒(绿豆、豌豆、黄豆、蚕豆和鹰嘴豆)分别经1%、5%、10%和20%吐温80溶液浸泡后表面卵粒的脱落比例,发现不同浓度均有一定效果,但脱落比例因豆粒种类和浸泡时间而异；当采用5%吐温浸泡4 h后,绿豆和豌豆上80%~85%卵粒脱落,黄豆和蚕豆上为60%左右,但鹰嘴豆上仅35%。表明采用1.35 g/cm3的CaCl2溶液漂浮豆粒是一种检测被四纹豆象幼虫轻度为害豆粒的有效方法,5%吐温(浸泡4 h)则对检测绿豆、豌豆上的四纹豆象卵粒较为有效。研究结果可为优化当前的四纹豆象检疫技术提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius is a quarantine pest for imported plants and agricultural plants in China, posing a severe threat to the safety of stored beans. Despite the availability of various detection methods, they are insufficient in terms of detection accuracy and ease of operation, and they focus only on larvae, pupae, and adults, lacking a detection method for eggs. This study addresses the issue of lightly infested beans failing to float in the conventional flotation method (using saturated NaCl solution). By comparing the flotation characteristics of mung beans in saturated NaCl and CaCl2 solutions, we found that using a 1.35 g/cm3 CaCl2 solution enhances detection rates, particularly for young larvae, advancing the earliest detection time to 24 hours after initial larval infestation. Furthermore, the Elution rates of egg masses from five types of beans (mung beans, peas, soybeans, broad beans, and chickpeas) following immersion in 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% Tween 80 solutions were compared. Results indicate that all concentrations have certain efficiency, but the elution rates vary with bean type and immersion duration. Specifically, after 4 hours of immersion in 5% Tween, 80~85% of egg masses detach from mung beans and peas, approximately 60% from soybeans and broad beans, but only 35% from chickpeas. These findings suggest that floating beans in a 1.35 g/cm3 CaCl2 solution is an effective method for detecting mung beans lightly infested by C. maculatus larvae, while 5% Tween (immersion for 4 hours) is more effective for detecting eggs of C. maculatus on mung beans and peas. The research results provide valuable insights for optimizing current quarantine techniques for C. maculatus. |
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