《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
李钊阳，韩云，唐良德，吴建辉，SHAUKAT Ali	1. 华南农业大学植物保护学院/广东省生物农药创制与应用重点实验室/广东省农业害虫生物防治工程技术研究中心，广州 510642；2. 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所，海口 571101

摘要点击次数: 388

全文下载次数: 1024

中文摘要:

普通大蓟马Megalurothrips usitatus（Bagnall）是我国华南地区豆科植物上的重要害虫，并已对多种农药产生严重的抗药性，为减少化学农药的使用，探寻基于寄主植物挥发物的化学生态调控技术，针对不同寄主植物及其挥发性信息化合物对普通大蓟马的行为影响进行研究和探讨。本研究采用“Y”型嗅觉仪测定了普通大蓟马对豇豆花和四季豆花的选择行为，在此基础上再利用“Y”型嗅觉仪和四臂嗅觉仪测定了普通大蓟马对不同生理期及不同为害程度的豇豆花的选择行为，筛选该虫的嗜好寄主及其生理状态。分别以正己烷和甲醇作为溶剂，应用顶空动态吸附法和溶剂浸取法提取寄主植物挥发物，利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对其成分进行分析和鉴定。通过“Y”型嗅觉仪测定普通大蓟马对上述挥发物的不同浓度的标样及其混配物的行为反应，结果表明豇豆花对普通大蓟马的引诱活性显著高于四季豆花，后续试验进一步表明健康豇豆花对普通大蓟马的引诱效果好于花蕾、虫蕾和虫花。利用GC-MS从普通大蓟马嗜好寄主健康豇豆花中初步鉴定出42个挥发性信息化合物主要化学成分，购买标样对普通大蓟马进行不同浓度的行为活性测定，发现10-4β-石竹烯、10-2植物醇、10-6棕榈酸乙酯和10-6邻二甲苯具极显著的引诱作用，10-4罗勒烯、10-4亚油酸甲酯、10-4棕榈酸甲酯、10-4甲酯、10-62-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮具极显著的驱避作用，而棕榈酸乙酯在高浓度时表现出驱避作用，低浓度时表现出引诱作用。此外，当邻二甲苯和β-石竹烯、邻二甲苯和棕榈酸乙酯浓度为10-6时，其混配物对普通大蓟马表现出极显著的驱避作用，本试验尚未发现可增强引诱活性的配方。健康豇豆花为普通大蓟马的嗜好寄主，从其挥发性信息化合物中鉴定筛选出一批对普通大蓟马具显著引诱或驱避活性的化合物，为探明普通大蓟马对寄主植物的反应机制提供了信息基础，亦为今后研发高活性引诱剂或驱避剂提供理论基础。

英文摘要:

Megaluthorthus usitatus (Bagnall) is a major pest of legumes in South China which has developed serious resistance to various pesticides. The behavioral effects of different host plants and their volatile information compounds on M. usatatus were studied to reduce the use of chemical pesticides through plant volatile based on chemical and ecological control technology. In this study, the “Y” type olfactometer was used to determine the selection behavior of M. usitatus for cowpea flowers and kidney bean flowers. The “Y” type olfactometer and four-arm olfactometer were further used to determine the behavioral response of M. usitatus to cowpea flower in different physiological periods and damage states. Subsequently, the volatiles from host plants were extracted by headspace dynamic adsorption method and solution leaching method using n-hexane and methanol as solvents. The components were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Finally, the behavioral response of M. usitatus to the different concentrations of the above volatiles and their compounds was determined by “Y” olfactometer method. The attractant activity of cowpea flowers on M. usitatus was significantly higher than kidney bean flowers. The subsequent experiments further showed that the healthy cowpea flowers had better attractant effect than flower buds, buds and flowers with damaging. Then, some active compounds with aromatic odor were selected, and their standard samples were diluted to different concentrations for behavioral test on M. usitatus. The results showed that 10^-4 β-caryophyllene, 10^-2 phytol, 10^-6 ethyl palmitate and 10^-6 o-xylene exhibited extremely significant attractant effect, while 10-4 basilene, 10-4 methyl linoleate, 10^-4 methyl palmitate, 10^-4 methyl ester, 10^-6 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone exhibited extremely significant repellent effect. Ethyl palmitate was repellent at high concentrations and an attractant at low concentrations. In addition, when the o-xylene and β-caryophyllene, the o-xylene and ethyl palmitate were diluted to 10^-6, the compound exhibited extremely significant repellent effect on M. usatatus. No formula for enhancing the attractant activity was found in this test. Healthy cowpea flower was most preferred host of M. usitatus. We identified a group of compounds with significant attracting or avoidance activity against M. usitatus from their volatile information compounds. These findings will provide a useful information for exploring the behavioral mechanism of M. usitatus to host plants, and will also provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-activity attractants or repellents in the future.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭