| 贺奇，杨锋，马洪文，冯伟东，王昕，殷延勃*,2016,1991-2010年宁夏水稻病虫害发生特征与经济损失分析[J].环境昆虫学报,(3):500-507 |
| 1991-2010年宁夏水稻病虫害发生特征与经济损失分析 |
| Characteristics of occurrence and analysis of economic loss from diseases and insect pests in rice of Ningxia during 1991-2010 |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 病害 虫害 发生面积 挽回损失量 实际损失量 经济评估 |
| 英文关键词:Rice diseases insect pests occurrence area yield enhance after control actual loss yield after control economic loss analysis |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区自然基金（NZ14184）；宁夏农林科学院科技先导资金（NKYQ-15-07）；宁夏回族自治区农业育种专项 (2013NYYZ0303) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 水稻病虫害发生种类繁多、暴发频繁，是威胁宁夏水稻稳产、高产的重要因素，但对其变化趋势与实际危害损失不清楚。基于宁夏水稻统计数据、稻田覆盖类型遥感数据和水稻产量数据，分析1991年至2010年宁夏水稻病虫害发生特征与经济损失情况。结果表明：1991年到2010年期间，宁夏水稻病害、虫害年均发生面积分别为5.3万hm2和2.0万hm2，其年均防治面积分别为8.4万hm2和1.6万hm2；水稻病害的发生程度下降了23.10%，防治程度上升了77.30%。20年间宁夏水稻虫害的发生面积、发生程度、防治面积和防治程度均显著增加。防治水稻病害、虫害后，分别挽回稻谷为2.67万吨、0.28万吨，其挽回损失量在20年期间分别增加了55.15%、2775.0%，表明水稻病虫害防治意义重大。由于气候变化等诸多因子，导致1991年到2010年宁夏水稻病害、虫害年均造成的实际稻谷损失量分别为0.71万吨与0.13万吨，水稻病害实际损失量在0值附件波动、虫害呈现波动增加趋势，说明水稻病害防控效果好、虫害的防控还有提升的空间。从全区各市县分布来看，水稻病虫害主要分布在宁夏的银北地区。为有效地防止或减少病虫害对水稻产量的损失，应加强农田景观变化和气候变化等对水稻病虫害发生与灾变的风险评估和监测预警，开展区域性水稻病虫害综合治理研究，并建立相应的防控新对策与技术体系。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rice is an important economic crop in Ningxia Frequent outbreaks of biological disasters such as plant disease and pest insect has been threatening the rice production in Ningxia since 1991.Using statistical data of plant protection, rice yields, and rice paddy field distribution by remote sensing in Ningxia, this paper focused on analyzing the tendency of diseases and insect pests in occurrence and economic loss in rice crop from 1991 to 2010. Results showed that the yearly mean occurrence areas of diseases and insect pests were 53 and 20 thousand hectare, while the mean prevention and control areas were 84 and 16 thousand hectare, respectively. With respect to the pest insect, the occurrence intensity decreased 23.1% while the control degree increase 77.3%.The occurrence areas, occurrence intensity, prevention and control areas, prevention and control intensity of diseases and insect pests in rice significant increased during this period. The mean saved loss yield of rice from diseasesand insect pests were 0.0267 and 0.0028 million tons, increasing by 55.15% and 2775.0%, respectively, which indicated that prevention and control of diseases and insect pests were of great significance to the rice production. But the yearly mean actual loss yield of rice from diseases and insect pests were still 0.0071 and 0.0013 million tons, as result of external factors such as climate changes, suggesting that further efforts should to be done to promote the ability of prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Rice diseases and pest insects were mainly distributed in the major grain producing areas in the northern area of Ningxia. In order to effectively prevent or reduce the effects of biological disasters on the safe rice production. We should establish the risk assessment and monitor and warn those biological disasters in time, improve the ecological environment of farmland, increase the integrated pest management researches on regional farmland ecosystem, and then take corresponding and proper measures. |
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