| 商显坤,潘雪红,魏吉利,刘玮,韦喜,蒙浩辉,谢锐锋,黄诚华,2026,栗等鳃金龟形态特征及生物学特性[J].环境昆虫学报,(4):1296-1307 |
| 栗等鳃金龟形态特征及生物学特性 |
| Morphological and biological characteristics of Exolontha castanea Chang (Coleoptera: Melolonthinae) |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2026.04.30 |
| 中文关键词: 栗等鳃金龟 形态特征 发育历期 生活史 生活习性 |
| 英文关键词:Exolontha castanea Chang morphological characteristics developmental duration life history living habit |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32160632）；广西自然科学基金（2020GXNSFAA259016）；国家糖料产业技术体系项目（CARS-170305）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（桂农科2021YT003） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 商显坤 | 1. 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所,农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,南宁 530007 | | 潘雪红 | 1. 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所,农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,南宁 530007 | | 魏吉利 | 1. 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所,农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,南宁 530007 | | 刘玮 | 2. 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所,南宁 530007 | | 韦喜 | 3. 广西来宾东糖迁江有限公司,广西来宾 546131 | | 蒙浩辉 | 3. 广西来宾东糖迁江有限公司,广西来宾 546131 | | 谢锐锋 | 3. 广西来宾东糖迁江有限公司,广西来宾 546131 | | 黄诚华 | 1. 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所,农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,南宁 530007 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】栗等鳃金龟Exolontha castanea Chang是甘蔗上重要的地下害虫，明确其形态特征和生物学习性，对该虫的精准识别和科学防控具有重要指导意义。【方法】通过室内饲养观察和田间系统调查，研究了栗等鳃金龟的外部形态、胚后发育特征、发育历期、年生活史和生活习性。【结果】栗等鳃金龟雌雄幼虫肛腹片上的短刺毛数量存在差异，雌虫显著多于雄虫。蛹和成虫腹部具有明显的性别分化特征，易于辨别，且在体长、体宽和体重上均呈现“雌大雄小”的性二型现象。不同日龄的卵、幼虫和蛹发育特性变化显著，卵长轴和短轴发育动态符合Logistic模型。幼虫共分3个龄期，头宽随龄期增加显著增大。26℃条件下，卵期为10.12 d，幼虫期为309.54 d；雌、雄蛹期分别为17.54 d和17.80 d，雌、雄成虫寿命分别为45.27 d和40.00 d。该虫在广西1年发生1代，以老熟幼虫在土中越冬，3月中旬开始陆续化蛹，4月下旬至6月下旬为成虫出土活动期，5月中下旬为出土盛期。成虫出土后不取食植物，仅吸食少量水分，单雌产卵量为38.43粒。幼虫于6月上旬出现，9-11月是危害盛期。【结论】本研究明确了栗等鳃金龟的形态特征与生物学特性，为其生物学和生态学研究奠定了基础，也为制定高效防治策略提供了科学依据。幼虫是该虫危害甘蔗的主要虫态，雌成虫具有较强的繁殖能力与趋光特性，建议在初孵幼虫期与成虫出土活动期开展针对性防控。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Aim】Exolontha castanea Chang is a significant subterranean pest affecting sugarcane. Clarifying its morphological characteristics and biological characteristics is of great significance for accurate species identification and evidence-based pest management.【Methods】The external morphology, postembryonic development, developmental duration, annual life history, and living habits of E. castanea were investigated through indoor rearing observations and systematic field investigations.【Results】Significant differences were found in the number of short setae on the anal sternite between male and female larvae, with females bearing significantly more than males. Distinct sexual dimorphism was observed in the abdomen of both pupae and adults, facilitating sex determination. Sexual size dimorphism was also evident, with females being larger than males in body length, body width, and body weight. The developmental characteristics of eggs, larvae, and pupae changed markedly with age. The growth dynamics of egg length and width conformed to the Logistic model. Larvae underwent three instars, with head width increasing significantly across instars. At 26℃, the developmental durations of egg, larva, female and male pupa were 10.12 d, 309.54 d, 17.54 d and 17.80 d, respectively. The lifespans of female and male adults were 45.27 d and 40.00 d, respectively. E. castanea occurs annually in Guangxi, overwintering as mature larvae in the soil. It began to pupate gradually in mid-March. Adult emergence activity spanned from late April to late June, with peak emergence occurring from mid to late May. Upon emergence, adults can absorb a small amount of water without feeding on plants. Female adults laid an average of 38.43 eggs each. Larvae emerged in early June, and the peak period of damage was from September to November.【Conclusion】This study clarifies the morphological and biological characteristics of E. castanea, providing a foundation for further biological and ecological research and a scientific basis for developing effective control strategies. The larvae are the primary life stage causing damage to sugarcane, and female adults exhibit strong reproductive capacity and phototaxis. Targeted control measures are recommended during the newly hatched larval stage and the adult emergence period. |
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