刘博文,郭丹,崔明星,钱荷英,李刚,2026,家蚕病原微生物检测技术研究进展[J].环境昆虫学报,(4):1103-1116
家蚕病原微生物检测技术研究进展
Research progress on detection technologies for pathogenic microorganisms in silkworms (Bombyx mori)
  
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2026.04.12
中文关键词:  家蚕病原微生物  分子检测  快速检测  CRISPR/Cas
英文关键词:Silkworm pathogenic microorganisms  molecular detection  rapid detection  CRISPR/Cas
基金项目:财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-18)
作者单位
刘博文 1. 江苏科技大学生物技术学院,江苏省蚕桑与畜禽生物技术重点实验室,江苏镇江 212100 
郭丹 1. 江苏科技大学生物技术学院,江苏省蚕桑与畜禽生物技术重点实验室,江苏镇江 212100 
崔明星 1. 江苏科技大学生物技术学院,江苏省蚕桑与畜禽生物技术重点实验室,江苏镇江 212100 
钱荷英 1. 江苏科技大学生物技术学院,江苏省蚕桑与畜禽生物技术重点实验室,江苏镇江 212100;2. 中国农业科学院桑蚕科学研究中心,农业农村部蚕桑遗传改良重点实验室,江苏镇江 212100 
李刚 1. 江苏科技大学生物技术学院,江苏省蚕桑与畜禽生物技术重点实验室,江苏镇江 212100;2. 中国农业科学院桑蚕科学研究中心,农业农村部蚕桑遗传改良重点实验室,江苏镇江 212100 
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中文摘要:
      蚕桑产业是集经济、文化、生态等多种价值于一体的中国传统特色产业。家蚕免疫功能低下,且采用高密度群体饲养方式,这使得其在饲养过程中易受病原感染。因此快速、准确、低成本的病原体检测方法对蚕桑生产中的病害防控具有重要意义。本文对传统镜检技术、分子检测技术、免疫检测技术、人工智能图像识别技术等病原体检测方法进行了综述,介绍了它们各自的优势和特点,重点总结了基于簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)及其关联蛋白(CRISPR-associated protein,Cas)组成的CRISPR/Cas系统的病原体检测方法,该方法对家蚕核型多角体病毒基因组DNA检测限可达1 fg/μL,灵敏度较传统PCR提升100倍,显著提升了检测效率。本文旨在为家蚕病原微生物早期诊断技术的创新,以及高效产业防控体系的构建提供理论支撑与技术参考。
英文摘要:
      Sericulture is a traditional Chinese industry that integrates economic, cultural, and ecological values. The silkworm has a weakened immune system and is reared in high-density conditions, making it highly susceptible to pathogen infections. Therefore, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective pathogen detection methods are critical for disease prevention and control in sericulture production. This review summarizes various pathogen detection techniques, including traditional microscopy, molecular diagnostics, immunoassays, and artificial intelligence-based image recognition, highlighting their advantages and characteristics. Special attention is placed on pathogen detection methods based on the Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) /Cas system. This method has achieved a detection limit as low as 1 fg/μL for Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus genomic DNA, demonstrating a 100-fold increase in sensitivity compared to conventional PCR and significantly improving detection efficiency. The aim of this review is to provide theoretical insights and technical references for the innovation of early diagnostic technologies for silkworm pathogens and the development of an efficient industrial prevention and control system.
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