《环境昆虫学报》

作者	单位
王小慧	2. 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广州510610；3. 华南农业大学,广州510640
易辉玉	3. 华南农业大学,广州510640
任燕	2. 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广州510610
肖阳	2. 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广州510610
邢东旭	2. 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广州510610
邹宇晓	2. 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广州510610
张伟龙	2. 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广州510610
李庆荣	1. 资源昆虫高效养殖与利用全国重点实验室,重庆 400700；2. 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广州510610

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中文摘要:

【目的】肠道微生物与宿主的营养代谢密切相关，家蚕Bombyx mori不同品种蛹的粗脂肪含量差异显著。【方法】本文从66分代表性中系家蚕中选取了一对脂肪含量差异显著的家蚕品种ZOX（高脂）与NTT（低脂）作为实验材料，分析比较其中肠消化液中短链脂肪酸及其肠道细菌组成差异，探讨其幼虫肠道细菌对体内代谢的影响。【结果】ZOX和NTT幼虫肠道消化液中短链脂肪酸组成差异显著，NTT中乙酸和丙酸的含量显著高于ZOX（P < 0.05）；而5龄幼虫肠道细菌组成与多样性分析发现5龄幼虫期NTT肠道细菌的丰富度和多样性显著高于ZOX（P < 0.05）。ZOX和NTT中的细菌组成也显著不同：在门水平上，NTT 5龄幼虫的肠道优势菌门是厚壁菌门Firmicutes、拟杆菌门Bacteroidota、脱硫菌门Desulfobacterota、变形菌门Proteobacteria，ZOX 5龄幼虫的肠道优势菌门是变形菌门、厚壁菌门；在属水平上，NTT相对丰度最高的为脱硫微菌属Desulfomicrobium、嗜蛋白菌属Proteiniphilum、严格乳杆菌属Ligilactobacillus；ZOX相对丰度最高的为嗜酸菌属Acidovorax与甲基营养菌属Methyloversatilis。COG功能预测分析表明，家蚕品种NTT与ZOX中肠肠道细菌的功能差异显著，主要体现在防御机制、核苷酸转运和代谢、碳水化合物的运输和代谢、无机离子转运与代谢、次级代谢物生物合成、转运和代谢、脂质转运与代谢、氨基酸转运与代谢等方面。我们推测这些菌群组成与功能的差异可能与肠道短链脂肪酸代谢与蚕体脂肪累积有关，但是其具体的机制还需要进一步的研究。【结论】本文的研究结果可为进一步探讨肠道微生物在家蚕生长、代谢等方面的作用提供参考，也为在家蚕饲养过程中通过添食外源微生物等调控肠道微生物、进而调节家蚕幼虫及蚕蛹的营养代谢，以应对不同的生产需求提供依据。

英文摘要:

【Aim】The gut microbiota is closely associated with host nutrient metabolism. Significant differences exist in crude fat content among pupae of different silkworm varieties.【Methods】To investigate the influence of larval gut bacteria on host metabolism, this study selected a pair of silkworm varieties—ZOX (high-fat) and NTT (low-fat)—exhibiting significant fat-content divergence from 66 representative silkworm varieties as experimental materials. We analyzed and compared differences in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) within their midgut digesta and intestinal bacterial composition.【Results】Results revealed significantly divergent SCFA profiles between ZOX and NTT larvae. Acetate and propionate concentrations were substantially higher in NTT than in ZOX (P < 0.05). Analysis of bacterial composition and diversity in 5th instar midguts showed significantly greater richness and diversity in NTT compared to ZOX (P < 0.05). The bacterial composition significantly differed between the two varieties. At the phylum level, the dominant gut bacteria in NTT 5th instar larvae were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, and Proteobacteria, whereas Proteobacteria and Firmicutes predominated in ZOX. At the genus level, the most abundant taxa in NTT were Desulfomicrobium, Proteiniphilum, and Ligilactobacillus, while Acidovorax and Methyloversatilis showed the highest relative abundance in ZOX. COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups) functional prediction indicated significant differences in bacterial functional potential between varieties, primarily involving: defense mechanisms; nucleotide transport and metabolism; carbohydrate transport and metabolism; inorganic ion transport and metabolism; biosynthesis, transport and metabolism of secondary metabolites; lipid transport and metabolism; and amino acid transport and metabolism. We speculate that these differences in microbial composition and function may correlate with intestinal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism and fat accumulation in silkworms, though the precise mechanisms require further investigation.【Conclusion】These findings provide both a reference for further exploration of gut microbiota's roles in silkworm growth and metabolism, and a basis for regulating larval/pupal nutrient metabolism through dietary supplementation with exogenous microbes during sericulture. Such microbial modulation offers a strategy to address diverse production demands by fine-tuning nutritional metabolism in silkworm larvae and pupae.

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