2026/1/23 15:47:53 LI Bo-Xuan, XIN Jiang-Shan, LIU Le, XIE Ji-Yu, WANG Xiao-Yi, DANG Ying-Qiao 6true 2026/1/23 15:47:54 HU Shuai, LUO Li-Ping, YANG Zhong-Qi, CAO Liang-Ming, WANG Xiao-Yi 5true 2026/1/23 15:47:54 TAN Zhi, BI Li-Hong, ZHU Rui, CHENG Ling, TAO Jing 4true 2026/1/23 15:47:54 MA Jun, LIU Pan, CAO Wen-Ze, LI Kai-Bing, CHEN Ping, HU Shu-Qing, XU Qiang, WANG Xing-Min, WU Mu-Tao, LIU Hai-Jun 3true 1, |Log2FC| > 1, P < 0.05), including aristolone, nootkatone, ubiquinone Q2, and phosphatidylserine. In comparison with the late infestation stage, there were 24 significantly differential metabolites. The contents of soluble sugars (such as galactose, glucose, and mannose) initially decreased and then increased with the severity of H. ligniperda infestation. Thirty volatile compounds were detected in the roots of P. thunbergii, with 24, 29, and 23 volatile compounds identified in healthy roots, pest-infested roots and mechanically damaged roots, respectively. The relative content of (1R)-(+)-α-pinene was the highest, accounting for 48.21%, 56.88%, 62.77% and 58.06% in the healthy (H), early-infested (Y), late-infested (D) and mechanically damaged (J) groups, respectively. The relative contents of (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, D-limonene, (-)-β-pinene, camphene, and α-phellandrene increased in the early stage of pest infestation. However, only (1R)-(+)-α-pinene and camphene showed a continuous increase in the late stage. Additionally, camphene, as a pest-specific volatiles, decreased after mechanical damage. D-camphor (natural), borneol, 4-etheny-1,2-dimethylbenzene, fenchol, α-terpineol, and 1,8-eucalyptol were detected only in the group infested by H. ligniperda, but not in the healthy group or the mechanically damaged group. The results showed that at the early stage of H. ligniperda infestation, P. thunbergii could resist the infestation by increasing stress-resistant components such as aristolone, nootkatone, (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, D-limonene and camphene, while decreasing soluble sugar content. At the later stage of infestation, dying pines reduced stress-resistant components and increased soluble sugar content. This study revealed that nootkatone can be exploited for the development of natural derivative insecticides, while camphene holds potential for the creation of novel plant-derived attractants. These findings lay a theoretical foundation for in-depth investigations into infestation mechanisms and the development of green, efficient pest control technologies.]]> 2026/1/23 15:47:54 ZHANG Chuan-Qin, CHEN Xue-Song, TAO Jing 2true 2026/1/23 15:47:54 SUN Xue, XU Tian, CHEN Rui-Xu, HAO De-Jun 1true