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<title cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Editorial Office of Journal of Environmental Entomology -->Issue 3,2026 Table of Contents]]></title>
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<title><![CDATA[Research and application progress on efficient and intelligent technologies for insect behavior regulation]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603001&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[The long-term utilizations of chemical pesticides has led to a series of problems such as environmental residues and pest resistance, making it imperative to develop eco-friendly alternative control technologies. Insect behavioral regulators, as an efficient and environmentally friendly monitoring and control approach, play a crucial role in agricultural and forestry pest control. However, the practical efficacy of pheromones, attractants, and repellents is often limited by their volatile and degradable nature. Based on the molecularmechanism of insect olfactory molecules, the progress in materials science, and the current research status of new carriers for insect luring traps, this article focuses on cutting-edge technologies for sustained and controlled release carriers, and reviews the research progress of efficient and precise behavioral regulation methods based on insects behavior regulators. The review explains the neural mechanism of insect olfactory perception, laying a theoretical foundation for the application of insects behavior regulator; the core content lies in reviewing the roles of various carrier technologies in improving the stability and persistence of these regulators such as pheromone, and focusing on the application of the emerging nanofiber electrospinning technology in constructing controllable release carriers, detailing its process principle, fiber topological structure classification, and advantages in achieving programmed release. Additionally, this review constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework covering material morphology, mechanical properties, effective substance release kinetics, environmental resilience, and eco-friendliness, and preliminarily builds a comprehensive performance evaluation model for such new carrier materials. Finally, it also discusses the current deficiencies in the classification of slow-release and controlled-release mechanisms and the absence of a standardized evaluation system, and inspires the future development directions in this field, including the potential of nanofibers as a biological sensor platform for pheromones. This review aims to provide theoretical insights and technical support for the development of a new generation of efficient and sustainable insects behavior regulating control strategies.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[New green targeted technology for Lepidoptera invasive pests]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[LI Zi-Shang, TANG Rui]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Effects of sex and mating status on olfactory responses of Cydia pomonella to host plant volatiles]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603002&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a major global invasive pest and a priority quarantine pest in China, primarily damaging pome fruits such as apples and pears. In recent years, with the expanding invasion range of C. pomonella in China, the management pressure for prevention and control in non-infested areas has intensified. This study aims to screen and verify the role of host plant volatiles in the olfactory recognition of adult C. pomonella, providing a theoretical basis for the development of plant-derived attractants.【Methods】Electroantennography (EAG) was employed to measure the EAG responses of virgin and mated male and female adults to 27 host plant volatiles.【Results】Among the 27 tested compounds, ethyl 2,4-decadienoate (pear ester), octanal, and nonanal elicited relative EAG response values significantly higher than the control (CK). The sensitivity of adults to these compounds varied significantly according to sex and mating status. Concentration gradient experiments demonstrated that, within a certain range, relative EAG response values increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing compound concentration. Specifically, pear ester elicited significant EAG responses in females at a concentration of 1 ng/μL, while males reached significant levels at 10 ng/μL. Octanal and nonanal elicited responses significantly higher than CK in both sexes at 1 μg/μL. Additionally, (E,E)-α-farnesene exhibited significant relative EAG response values at 10 μg/μL.【Conclusion】All 27 screened plant volatiles elicited EAG responses in C. pomonella adults to varying degrees. Olfactory sensitivity was jointly influenced by sex, mating status, and compound concentration. Notably, pear ester, octanal, nonanal, and (E,E)-α-farnesene elicited significant EAG responses in adult C. pomonella, indicating their potential as candidate compounds for the development of plant-derived attractants or repellents against this pest.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[New green targeted technology for Lepidoptera invasive pests]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[FU Guan-Jun, ZHOU Ya-Nan, TANG Rui, HUANG Cong, QIAN Wan-Qiang, WAN Fang-Hao]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[GABAB receptor modulates responses to sweet substances by regulating sugar metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603003&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】Previous studies have found that the metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor (GABAB receptor, GABAB R) is highly expressed in the fat body of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae and significantly affects their feeding behavior in response to sucrose. However, the mechanism by which GABAB receptors regulate the feeding behavior of S. frugiperda larvae remains unclear.【Methods】In this study, single sensillum recording (SSR) of taste, transcriptomics, physiological and biochemical assays, and behavioral tests were used to investigate the effect of GABAB receptor-mediated sugar metabolism on larval sugar-feeding behavior.【Results】The results showed that after knockdown of the GABAB R gene, the sensitivity of the lateral styloconic sensilla on the larval mouthparts to sucrose decreased, the expression of sugar metabolism-related genes in the larvae changed, and the concentrations of glucose and trehalose in the larvae increased. Additionally, after separate injections of glucose or trehalose into larvae, the sensitivity of the lateral styloconic sensilla on the larval mouthparts to sucrose decreased, and the larvae no longer preferred to feed on sucrose-treated leaf discs.【Conclusion】These findings indicate that GABAB receptors affect larval sugar-feeding behavior by regulating sugar metabolism in larvae. This study further reveals the mechanism by which the neurotransmitter GABA regulates chemosensation and feeding behavior in insects, and provides theoretical support for the use of GABA in managing agricultural pests such as S. frugiperda.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[New green targeted technology for Lepidoptera invasive pests]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[HUO Yi-Tao, SUN Long-Long, LIU Yong-Chong, YIN Xin-Kuo, SU Guang-Ling, LIU-Long, MA Ying, TANG Qing-Bo]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Establishment of embryonic cell lines of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and in vitro replication of Cydia pomonella granulovirus]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603004&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】Insect cell lines serve as essential in vitro models for biological, physiological, and virological research. The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a highly destructive invasive pest; no cell lines of C. pomonella has been reported in China currently.【Methods】Using eggs as starting material, embryonic cell lines of C. pomonella were established. From these, a cell line sensitive to Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) was screened, and its biological characteristics, including karyotype and growth were studied. The in vitroreplication of CpGV this cell line was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).【Results】The results showed that eight embryonic cell lines of C. pomonella were successfully established and could be stably passaged in TNM-FH medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). One CpGV-sensitive cell line, designated QAU-Cp-E-11-L, was obtained. The cells grew adherently, the round, spindle-shaped, and rod-shaped cells accounted for 90.0%, 7.5%, and 2.5% of the total population, respectively. The amplified mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) gene fragment was 576 bp in length. BLAST analysis revealed 100% nucleotide sequence identity with the COI gene of C. pomonella, confirming that the cell line derived from C. pomonella. The chromosome number of QAU-Cp-E-11-L cells varied from 23 ~ 440, indicating pronounced aneuploidy. The cell line QAU-Cp-E-11-L reached maximum density (2.27×106 cells/mL) at 168 h with a population doubling time of 33.81 h. Following infection of QAU-Cp-E-11-L cells with CpGV, qPCR detected CpGV replication in the infected cells, with the viral copy number reaching a maximum of 2.48×108 copies/μg DNA at 12 days post-infection (dpi). TEM observations results showed that the formation of CpGV occlusion bodies (OBs) in the cells, and the number of OBs in the cytoplasm increased with the inoculation time.【Conclusion】Hence, this study will enrich the resources of C. pomonella cell lines and provide critical tools for investigating granulovirus-host interactions.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[New green targeted technology for Lepidoptera invasive pests]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[YAO Yu-Fan, ZHANG Xiao-Yu, LI Chang-You, MENG Xiang-Qian, YU Qian-Long, LI Jie, WAN Fang-Hao, CHU Dong, ZHENG Gui-Ling]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Evaluation of olfactory plasticity in laboratory populations of Spodoptera frugiperda based on odorant receptors]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603005&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a globally significant migratory agricultural pest, whose key behaviors such as host location and mating reproduction are highly dependent on the olfactory system, with odorant receptors (ORs) serving as key molecules in the olfactory signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the olfactory plasticity reflected by the transcriptional and expression profiles of OR genes in a laboratory-reared S. frugiperda population. 【Methods】Using an integrated approach combining bioinformatics and molecular experiments, we systematically annotated the OR gene family and evaluated olfactory plasticity across different sexes and tissues. Four expressed OR genes (SfruOR13, SfruOR19, SfruORco, and SfruOR42) were selected, cloned, and their expression patterns in antennae, proboscis, and labial palps of male and female adults were examined using qRT-PCR. 【Results】A total of 48 full-length OR genes were identified from genomic data, and their phylogenetic relationships, motif compositions, domain architectures, and gene structures were analyzed to infer their evolutionary divergence and functional conservation. qRT-PCR revealed significant differences in the expression of the four OR genes between sexes, with generally higher expression levels in females. 【Conclusion】These findings demonstrate notable sexual dimorphism and olfactory plasticity at the odorant receptor level in the laboratory population. This study not only enhances the understanding of olfactory molecular mechanisms in S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions but also provides potential targets and a theoretical foundation for developing OR-based green control strategies, such as the design of effective attractants and repellents.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[New green targeted technology for Lepidoptera invasive pests]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[DING Chen-Yun, SONG Jia-Le, SHU Ben-Shui, YAN Xun, TANG Rui]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Research progress on insect photosensitive system and diapause regulation]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603006&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Insect diapause is a critical biological adaptation that enables insects to adjust to external environments, maintain population stability, and achieve invasiveness. Photoperiod is one of the key factors regulating insect diapause. Insects perceive photoperiodic signals through their photoreceptive systems and phototransduction signaling pathways, allowing them to anticipate adverse environmental conditions (e.g., low or high temperatures and drought) and to orchestrate the diapause program by integrating photoperiod with temperature and other cues, thereby initiating diapause. The photoreceptive system of insects consists of multiple organs, including compound eyes, ocelli, and the Hofbauer-Buchner (H-B) eyelet, along with light-sensitive molecules such as rhodopsin and cryptochrome. These photoreceptive structures and molecules work synergistically to mediate light signal input. Currently, research on insect diapause primarily focuses on the relationship between the endocrine system and diapause, whereas studies exploring the connections between photoreceptive system structures, genes, and diapause remain relatively limited. This paper highlights recent advances in understanding the insect photoreceptive system, phototransduction signaling pathways, and their regulatory mechanisms in diapause behavior, aiming to provide insights into how environmental factors influence diapause.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[REVIEW ARTICLES]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[ZENG Shu, LI Zi-Yao, ZHOU Xiao-Hong]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Research progress on feeding technologies of the insects as animal feed]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603007&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[With the growing global population and the increasingly prominent contradiction between food resource supply and demand, insect as animal feed resources, as a potential protein source, have garnered significant attention. The precise control of environmental parameters and feed supply during the rearing process is the core technical requirement for ensuring the high-quality standards of insect as animal feed products. This article reviews the key factors for artificial rearing of five insects as animal feed with relatively mature techniques and large-scale breed, namely black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), fly maggot, yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), locust, and superworm (Zophobas morio). It reviews the critical aspects of insect artificial rearing such as substrate, temperature, humidity, and lighting, as well as the technical essentials for indoor full-cycle breeding. Using the black soldier fly and the oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) as examples, it further analyzes the current status and challenges in large-scale insect breeding, discussing how to optimize rearing techniques and enhance industrial benefits, providing references and suggestions for promoting the development of the insect as animal feed industry.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[REVIEW ARTICLES]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[QIN Chao-Wei, WEI Jia-Hui, SHAO Dan, CHEN Long, DAI Meng-Hong, ZHENG Long-Yu, ZHU Fen, ZHANG Ji-Bin, ZHANG Hong-Yu, LIU Yu-Sheng, ZHANG Zhen-Yu, LI Qing]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Advances in the taxonomy of Geotrupidae and the current research status of Chinese species]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603008&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Geotrupidae, commonly known as earth-boring dung beetles, is a family of Scarabaeoidea belonging to Polyphaga of the order Coleoptera, class Insecta. This family is widely distributed around the world, includes four subfamilies, 11 tribes, 77 genera, and 1 162 species / subspecies. In China, three subfamilies, 13 genera, and 205 species / subspecies are recorded. Geotrupids have diverse feeding habits: coprophagous species, which play an important role as decomposers in ecosystems; mycophagous species, which may assist in the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungal spores; and phytophagous species, some of which are agricultural and forest pests. This study systematically reviews the literature to summarize the history of taxonomic research, classification status, and current progress in the phylogenetic research of Geotrupidae. This family has a long history of study in taxonomy, while the monophyly of Geotrupidae at the family level remains controversial, and there has been no new comprehensive systematic worldwide revision since 1912. In particular, this study focuses on the taxonomic study of geotrupids from China, and provides a checklist of the recorded species together with their corresponding Chinese common names. The taxonomic research of Geotrupidae in China has been primarily focused on the description of new species, with limited progress made in comprehensive revisions of Chinese species and in distinguishing of morphologically similar genera and species. In addition, the distribution patterns of Geotrupidae in China as well as their habits, ecological niches and biological studies are still poorly understood. Therefore, further studies on the taxonomy of Geotrupidae, which could provide crucial basic data on species diversity, are essential for a systematic assessment of the current state of insect resources, biodiversity and ecological conservation in China.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[REVIEW ARTICLES]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[LUO Yi-Ping, LU Yuan-Yuan, WANG Xin-Pu, BAI Ming]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Research and application of parasitic mites in biological control of pests]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603009&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Parasitic mites exhibit high reproductive potential and can effectively regulate the population size of pests and harmful mites in nature, so they are frequently utilized as natural enemies in agricultural and forestry production. Trombidiidae and Pyemotidae families are the most significant parasitic mites. Trombidiid mites can inhibit the rapid growth of aphid populations at the early stage of occurrence and reduce aphid density. Pyemotes exhibit strong lethality and demonstrate remarkable efficacy against wood-boring pests, significantly reducing their damage to agricultural and forestry crops. This paper reviews fundamental and applied research on these parasitic mites both domestically and internationally, revealing that current foundational studies remain inadequate, with limited resources of beneficial parasitic mite species available for biological control purposes and unstable field control efficacy. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the investigation and exploration of beneficial parasitic mite resources, with in-depth studies on the biological characteristics of known and newly discovered dominant species to elucidate their pest control mechanism. Additionally, efforts should focus on enhancing mass-rearing efficiency while reducing production costs. Novel technologies, such as molecular biology approaches, can be employed to enhance the field adaptability and parasitoid efficiency of these beneficial mites. This can support the use of parasitic mites to regulate the population numbers of pests and harmful mites, while offering more options for green pest control and integrated management.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[REVIEW ARTICLES]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[NING Ming-Yue, LIANG Guang-Hong, ZHAO Dai, ZHANG Yan-Long]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Current status and prospects of applied research on using phytoseiid mites for controlling citrus pest mites]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603010&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Pest mites are a significant pest group on citrus, severely impacting the green development of the citrus industry. The use of phytoseiid mites for controlling citrus pest mites is an important biological control technology with tremendous application value. This article reviews the known phytoseiid mite natural enemies of Panonychus citri McGregor and Eotetranychus kankitus Ehara, including 35 species from 10 genera. It also summarizes the potential natural enemies of these two pest mites in citrus orchards in China, comprising 39 species from 13 genera of phytoseiid mites. Additionally, the paper analyzes the current application status of Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes, Euseius nicholsi Ehara & Lee and Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans in controlling P. citri and E. kankitus. Finally, we discuss future directions such as improving phytoseiid mite strains, enhancing mass-rearing technologies, and developing an integrated pest management system centered on phytoseiid mites.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[REVIEW ARTICLES]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[LIU Ming-Xiu, ZHAO Xue-Qing, YAO Guang-Lu, WANG Qin, KE Xian-Jiang, LIU Ying, YANG Yi-Juan, LI Xiang-Yong, ZHANG Hong-Mei, SHEN Ai-Dong]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Application status of termite control agents and their Nano-bioagents]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603011&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Termites are significant global pests, inflicting severe damage on buildings, hydraulic structures, and agriculture and forestry. Currently, chemical control remains the dominant method for termite management. In major global markets, termiticides are predominantly composed of synthetic chemicals (accounting for over 90%), with pyrethroids (approx. 46%) and neonicotinoids (approx. 20%) being the primary active ingredients. Regarding formulation types, eco-friendly, water-based suspension concentrates (exceeding 40%) have become the mainstream. With increasingly stringent environmental regulations, modern chemical control is shifting toward green pest management strategies that emphasize reduced application rates and enhanced efficacy. In contrast, although conventional bio-derived control agents offer ecological safety, their commercial adoption remains limited due to constraints such as short residual efficacy and poor stability. Meanwhile, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue for termite control innovation, leveraging its distinctive advantages in enhancing drug stability, improving targeted delivery, and enabling intelligent sustained release. This review systematically surveys the registration status of termiticides across major global markets, examines recent advances in nanotechnology applications for bio-derived insecticides including small molecules, nucleic acids, and proteins, and provides a forward-looking perspective on the field-translation challenges and future prospects of nano-enabled termite control agents, with the aim of offering scientific insights for the development of more efficient and environmentally sustainable termite management strategies.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[REVIEW ARTICLES]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[YANG Hao-Yu, LI Zhi-Qiang, ZENG Wen-Hui, YU Hai-Li]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Advances in the biology, ecology and control of Basilepta melanopus Lefèvre]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603012&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Basilepta melanopus Lefèvre is an important pest widely distributed in the southern tea-growing regions of China. It is characterized by its high reproductive capacity, substantial destructive potential, rapid outbreak development, and the challenges associated with its control. In recent years, B. melanopus has inflicted serious damage in tea gardens, particularly in organic tea plantations, throughout South China, Southeast China, and Southwest China, posing a severe threat to the sustainable and healthy development of the tea industry in the country. To enhance our understanding and management of this important pest, in this article we reviewed the research progress on B. melanopus in recent 40 years, mainly focusing on its morphological characteristics, damage traits, distribution, occurrence patterns, and control strategies. Additionally, prominent issues in current research, prospects for the future studies and application of B. melanopus were also discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[REVIEW ARTICLES]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[ZHANG Yu-Ping, PAN Zhi-Ping, YU Xiao-Qiang, HUANG Shao-Hua, LI Chuan-Ying, LIAO Zhang-Xuan, GUI Yan-Nan, SU Xiang-Ning]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Research advances in the cross-kingdom regulation of small RNAs between crops and insects]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603013&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[The complex interplay between competition and symbiosis among plants and phytophagous insects has driven their long-term coevolutionary dynamics. Small RNAs (sRNAs), non-coding RNA molecules typically less than 300 nucleotides in length, act as key regulators of gene expression and influence organismal development. Notably, these sRNAs exhibit trans-kingdom mobility, enabling cross-species gene regulation, which plays a critical role in facilitating interspecific communication. This review synthesizes recent advances in sRNA-mediated cross-kingdom regulation within crop-pest systems. Plant-derived sRNAs can modulate insect growth, developmental processes, and reproduction, whereas insect-derived sRNAs can enter plants and regulate plant defense responses, among other functions. Small RNAs (sRNAs) possess high specificity for precise target gene recognition and strong structural stability, and plant-derived sRNAs can effectively regulate pests, giving them novel opportunities for pest management. Emerging strategies, such as transgenic crops expressing pest-specific sRNAs or developing novel green nucleic acid-based pesticides, offer innovative approaches for agricultural pest management.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[REVIEW ARTICLES]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[JIN Han, FENG Hao-Tian, HU Qing-Tao, MO Zhao-Hui, LI Chun-Mei*, LIU Kai]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Predicting the suitable habitat distribution of Tetropium fuscum in China based on MaxEnt]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603014&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】Tetropium fuscum is an important forest pest, it has been intercepted multiple times by Chinese customs, indicating a high invasion risk. Identifying the suitable habitat range of T. fuscum in China and its primary influencing factors has considerable significance for its early warning and quarantine.【Methods】Based on the existing 448 distribution data of T. fuscum, this study predicted the suitable habitat area in China using the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS.【Results】The results indicated that under the current climatic backdrop, the suitable area for T. fuscum accounted for 7.04% of the total land area of China, mainly in regions of northwest, southwest, east, and south China. The trend of the suitable habitat area of T. fuscum in China varied under different future climate scenarios. The most crucial environmental variables that influence T. fuscum distribution were the average temperature of the coldest season and the hottest season, the coefficient of variation of precipitation, and the precipitation of the driest month.【Conclusion】These results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and quarantine of T. fuscum in the future.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Environment and Insects]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[SUN Ya-Shu, LIU Xiao-Yan, WANG Man-Qun, GU Jian, ZHOU Ai-Ming]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Distribution patterns and niche differentiation of Tetraponera species in China]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603015&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】To reveal the niche differentiation of Tetraponera species in China.【Methods】The fauna and distribution patterns of species of the genus were studied based on the specimens and data of ecology and geographical distribution of Tetraponera species accumulated in the past 30 years in our country.【Results】A total of 13 species of the genus were found in China. The species of the genus are typical of the Oriental Region in the world zoogeographical divisions and of the South China Zone in the Chinese zoogeographical divisions. It was revealed by the study of distribution patterns that species of the genus were most abundant in Yunnan Province. In addition, T. allaborans (Walker, 1859) had the widest ecological adaptation range and niche. Meanwhile, T. notabilis Ward, 2001 had the narrowest ecological adaptation range and niche. Species of the genus were most abundant in evergreen broadleaf forests and seasonal rainforests, and they mainly foraged on plants and on the surface of the ground. Based on the results of faunal and distribution patterns studies, we further investigated the niche differentiation among species. It was found that all the species of the genus in China showed obvious niche differentiation in global and Chinese zoogeography, in the horizontal and vertical dimensions, in habitat selection, and in foraging behavior. The research on niche width showed that T. modesta (Smith, 1860) had the widest ecological niche, and T. notabilis Ward, 2001 and T. protensa Xu & Chai, 2004 had the narrowest ecological niche. The niche width of species across the 11 habitat types was generally large, indicating that the community of Tetraponera species was relatively stable and highly adaptable in the 11 habitats.【Conclusion】In conclusion, niche differentiation among Tetraponera species in China is obvious. This differentiation has been facilitated by diverse landscape, climate, vegetation and geographical isolation, which together provide favorable ecological and geographical conditions. The results have provided a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of the Tetraponera species in our country.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Environment and Insects]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[LENG Xue-Yan, ZHANG Yin-Chuan, XU Zheng-Hui, WU Ning-Ning, SHI Cai-Yun, YANG Ze-Jun]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Butterfly diversity and faunal analysis in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603016&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】Dinghushan National Nature Reserve is a typical representative of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of South Asian, and its butterfly diversity and faunal composition are essential for regional ecological assessment.【Methods】This study systematically conducted surveys of butterfly species and faunal analysis in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve using field transect surveys with a comprehensive literature review.【Results】As of October 2023, results indicated that a total of 269 butterfly species (representing 150 genera across 5 families) were documented, with 29 species newly recorded species for the reserve, including two national second-class protected species—Troides helena and T. aeacus. Nymphalidae exhibited the highest species richness (110 species; Shannon index = 2.25 ± 0.07), followed by Lycaenidae (57 species; Shannon index = 1.90 ± 0.09). The Pielou's evenness index ranged from 0.71 to 0.84, signifying distinct niche differentiation among families. Faunal analysis revealed that the butterfly community was dominated by Oriental realm components in the global zoogeographical context, with transitional traits of the Palearctic and Australasian realms. In China's zoogeographical divisions, the fauna was predominantly composed of elements from the South China, Central China, and Southwest China regions.【Conclusion】This study demonstrates the complexity and transitional character of the butterfly fauna in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, traits strongly shaped by its geographic setting, topographic heterogeneity, and climatic variability. These findings offer a robust scientific foundation for evidence-based biodiversity conservation and long-term monitoring initiatives within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, highlighting the reserve's pivotal role in sustaining regional ecological integrity.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Environment and Insects]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[ZHANG Ze-Kun, LUO Hao-Ben, LIU Meng-Yao, LIANG Heng-Ran, Fan Zong-Ji]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Screening of reference genes in the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) under heavy metal, pesticide, and plant virus stress]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603017&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】The study aims to identify stable reference genes for Sogatella furcifera under the stress of heavy metals, pesticides, and the Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) that it transmits, thereby standardizing gene expression analysis under these adverse conditions.【Methods】Using qRT-PCR technology, we evaluated the expression stability of eight candidate reference genes (EF1-α, RPS18, ACT, TUB, GAPDH, RPL9, RPL10, 18S) under the stress of heavy metal cadmium (Cd), the pesticides Flupyrimin and Dinotefuran, and SRBSDV through GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta Ct, and RefFinder software.【Results】The results demonstrated that all primers for the eight candidate reference genes exhibited high amplification specificity across different stress conditions. Under Cd and Flupyrimin stress, RPL9 and RPL10 were the most stable reference genes; Dinotefuran stress, ACT and RPL9 showed the highest stability; and SRBSDV stress, TUB and RPL9 were the most stable. The stability of the selected reference genes was further validated using gstd1 and Vg1 as target genes.【Conclusion】The results indicated that the combined use of multiple reference genes resulted in a lower standard error compared to single reference genes, providing the optimal normalization standard. This study provides a set of stable reference genes for qRT-PCR-based gene expression analysis of S. furcifera under the stress of Cd, the pesticides Flupyrimin and Dinotefuran, and SRBSDV, laying a foundation for subsequent research on gene function.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Physiology and Biochemistry]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[WU Yu, WANG Yi-Ming, ZHU Yan-Fei, GAO Qiao, QIU Lin, LI You-Zhi]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Evaluation of reference genes expression stability by quantitative real-time PCR in Tribolium castaneum larvae after bacterial infection]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603018&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a commonly used technique for analyzing gene expression levels. The selection of a relatively stable reference gene under experimental conditions is crucial for data normalization.【Aim】This study aimed to evaluate the expression stability of candidate reference genes in Tribolium castaneum larvae under different bacterial infections, laying a foundation for subsequent gene expression analysis in T. castaneum.【Methods】Larvae of T. castaneum were infected with Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus by feeding. The relative expression levels of eight candidate reference genes, including ACTB, CAD, RpL13A, RpL32, RpS3, RpS6, RpS18, and Syx1A, were detected by qRT-PCR across different tissues and at various infection time points. The expression stability of these candidate reference genes was comprehensively evaluated using ΔCq, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper.【Results】Based on qRT-PCR results, RpS3 and RpL32 were identified as the most stable reference genes in the non-infected control group. During E. coli infection, RpS3 and RpL32 remained the most stable genes, while Syx1A and ACTB showed relatively high stability. For S. aureus infection, RpS3, RpL32, and Syx1A were the most stable genes. Comprehensive analysis revealed that RpS3 and RpL32 were the two most stably expressed genes across different tissues and after both bacterial infections, while CAD exhibited the poorest expression stability. 【Conclusion】Therefore, RpS3 and RpL32 are recommended as reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in the larvae of T. castaneum after bacterial infection. Syx1A and ACTB can also be used as the candidate reference genes.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Physiology and Biochemistry]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[DENG Bao-Lin, MA Hui-Xing, LI Chun-Yan, LI Bao-Qi, LIU Ji-Sheng]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Identification and function analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase family in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603019&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】To clarify the role of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family in the development and reproduction of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.【Methods】Through BLAST analyses against Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes, we identified 12 ADH genes in the B. xylophilus genome. These genes were retrieved and analyzed for physicochemical properties, chromosomal location, protein structures and stage-specific expression. Predicted isoelectric points ranged from 5.86 to 9.12.【Results】Transcript levels were high in eggs, males, third- and fourth-stage larvae, diapause L3 and dispersal L4, indicating that the family is required for egg development, growth and sexual differentiation.【Conclusion】These data define candidate targets for gene-based control of B. xylophilus.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Physiology and Biochemistry]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[MA Ao-Si-Qi, MA Qian, FENG Hong-Xing, HAO Xin, ZHAGN Yu, YANG Song, CHEN Jie]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Cloning of catalase gene LbCAT and its expression analysis under high and low temperature stresses in Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psopotera: Liposcelididae)]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603020&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】To investigate the molecular mechanism of catalase (CAT) responding to extreme high and low temperature stress in Liposcelis bostrychophila.【Methods】We cloned the CAT gene from this species and designated it LbCAT. Bioinformatics methods and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were employed to analyze the sequence features of LbCAT and its expression profiles under acute thermal stress (42℃ and 4℃) at 0, 60, and 120 min.【Results】The results showed that the full-length cDNA of the LbCAT gene (GenBank entry number: OQ938787) was 1 693 bp, and the open reading frame was 1 404 bp, encoding 467 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that LbCAT had a domain typical of the CAT family, including a proximal active site tag (26FDRERIPERVVHAKGAG42) and a proximal heme ligand tag (316RLFAYADTH324). Phylogenetic analysis showed that L. bostrychophila was closely related to Liposcelis entomophila, which also belongs to the order Psocoptera. The expression of the LbCAT gene was induced by both high and low temperature stress. At 4℃ temperature treatment, the expression of the LbCAT gene was significantly increased at 60 min and 120 min compared with the control. At 42℃ high-temperature treatment, the expression of the LbCAT gene at 60 min and 120 min was significantly higher than that of the control.【Conclusion】These results suggested that LbCAT may play a critical role in the molecular mechanism of L. bostrychophila responding to extreme thermal stress.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Physiology and Biochemistry]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[WANG Xiao, LIU Jia-Rui, XU De-Jun, ZHU Bin-Jian, XU Jun-Ting, AO Guo-Hong, HAN Kai-Yu, ZANG Chang-Yu]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Diversity and composition analysis of cuticle surface and internal bacterial communities of laboratory-reared field F1 Culex pipiens pallens]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603021&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】This study investigated the diversity and composition of cuticle surface and internal bacterial communities in larvae of a laboratory strain (SS) versus laboratory-reared F1 larvae derived from wild Culex pipiens pallens populations.【Methods】The findings provided insights into how laboratory colonization influence the bacterial communities of wild mosquitoes. Larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens were collected from Tangkou Town (TK) and Weishan Lake (WSH) in Jining City, Shandong Province, in October 2023, and were subsequently reared in the laboratory to produce the F1 progeny. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyse the diversity and composition of the cuticle surface and internal bacterial communities in laboratory strain and laboratory-reared field F1 larvae maintained under identical conditions.【Methods】The results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla of the larval cuticle surfaces and internal bacterial communities were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes. Alpha diversity analyses indicated no statistically significant differences among the cuticle surface bacterial communities of the SS, TK and WSH groups, whereas the internal bacterial diversity in the TK group was significantly higher than that in the SS group. Beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in the cuticle surface bacterial community composition between the SS and WSH groups (P=0.024), and significant differences were also observed in the internal bacterial communities between the laboratory strain and the field-derived F1 larvae (TK: P=0.012，WSH: P=0.022). Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) demonstrated that the significantly different bacterial taxa on the larval cuticle surfaces among the three groups belonged to 1 phylum, 3 classes, 4 orders, 5 families, and 6 genera. In contrast, the significantly different bacterial taxa in the internal bacterial communities of larvae belonged to 1 phylum, 1 class, 4 orders, 5 families, and 7 genera.【Conclusion】In summary, under standard laboratory rearing conditions, the native bacterial communities from field populations of Cx. pipiens pallens were partially transmitted to their laboratory-reared F1 offspring larvae.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Physiology and Biochemistry]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[ZHANG Hui-Hong, XU Hao-Yuan, GUO Xiu-Xia, CHENG Peng, WANG Hai-Fang, LIU Li-Juan, ZHANG Chong-Xing]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Analysis of gut bacterial diversity in Latheticus oryzae and Rhizopertha dominica in sauce-flavored daqu production]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603022&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】Sauce-flavored Daqu is a complex product characterized by the presence of multiple microbes and enzymes, which attracts numerous insects for feeding during its production process. The mechanisms by which these insects adapt to such a diverse microbial and enzymatic environment, as well as the underlying structure of their gut microbial communities, warrant further comprehensive investigation.【Methods】This study employed Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology to examine the gut microbiota composition of two key insect species associated with Daqu, namely Latheticus oryzae and Rhizopertha dominica. Specifically, the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rDNA were sequenced.【Results】The analysis revealed the presence of 3 652 and 1 808 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) in the gut microbiota of L. oryzae and R. dominica, respectively, with 372 ASVs shared between the two species. These ASVs were classified into 27 different phyla, with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota being the predominant phyla. In L. oryzae, the principal bacterial genera identified were Ralstonia, Bacteroides, Latilactobacillus, Sphingomonas, and Akkermansia, whereas in R. dominica, the dominant genera included Candidatus Sulcia, Ralstonia, Ochrobactrum, and unidentified_Blattabacteriaceae. Alpha diversity analysis revealed significant differences in the Chao1 and Observed_species indices between the gut microbiota of the two insect species, while no significant differences were observed in the Simpson and Shannon indices. Moreover, functional prediction analysis of bacterial communities using PICRUSt2 (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) demonstrated significant differences in the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, lipid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, chemical structure transformation maps, and the abundance of cellular community-prokaryotes between the gut bacteria of the two insect species.【Conclusion】This study offers a novel perspective on how insects in sauce-flavor Daqu adapt to a complex microbial and enzymatic environment and provides a theoretical foundation for Daqu pest management strategies informed by gut microbiome research.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Physiology and Biochemistry]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[LV Jun, TENG Can, XU Shan, WANG Cai-Zhu, HUANG Ru-Jia, GAO Yan-Song, FAN Guo-Meng, CHENG Qin]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Effects of continuous multi-generational rearing with an alternative host on the adaptability of Encarsia formosa]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603023&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of Encarsia formosa reared on the alternative host Bemisia tabaci Gennadius to two whitefly species. E. formosa was transferred from its original host, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, to the alternative host, B. tabaci, and continuously reared on B. tabaci nymphs for 15 generations.【Methods】We used E. formosa from T. vaporariorum as a control group (G0) and analysed changes in biological parameters, such as the number of whitefly nymphs parasitized, number of hosts fed upon, developmental duration and emergence rate of E. formosa after successive generations (G1, G5, G10 and G15) of continuous rearing on B. tabaci.【Results】The results showed that both the number of whitefly nymphs parasitized and total host mortality caused by E. formosa on B. tabaci nymphs and T. vaporariorum nymphs were significantly lower in G1 and G5 compared to G10 and G15. The developmental duration for G1, G5 and G10 of E. formosa was significantly shorter on B. tabaci than on T. vaporariorum. No significant differences in the number of host feeding were observed either across generations or between the two whitefly species. Overall, the adaptability of E. formosa reared on alternative hosts to two whitefly species increased significantly with increasing generations. After rearing up to the 10th generation, the adaptability of E. formosa to B. tabaci was significantly better than that of wasps reared on T. vaporariorum. However, their adaptability to T. vaporariorum showed no significant difference compared to E. Formosa reared from T. vaporariorum.【Conclusion】The findings of this study provided a theoretical foundation for guiding the rearing and effective use of parasitoid wasps.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:14</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[资源昆虫与利用]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[WU Yi-Ling, WANG You-Xian, SUN Jia-Wei, ZANG Lian-Sheng]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Investigating the glucolipid metabolism of diapause in Microplitis mediator based on transcriptome sequencing]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603024&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】Through transcriptomic analysis of Microplitis mediator pupae during the normal developmental stage (ND) and diapause preparation stage (DP), we preliminarily identified and investigated key genes involved in energy metabolism during diapause.【Methods】 Utilizing the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, transcriptomic sequencing and analysis were performed on ND and DP pupae. Differences in transcriptomic data between the two stages were identified, key genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were screened, and 10 of these genes were selected for RT-qPCR validation.【Results】 A total of 139 437 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the ND vs DP comparison. These were primarily enriched in signaling pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and galactose metabolism. The most significantly enriched Gene Ontology (GO) term was GO:0005488, annotated as "binding," which encompassed 7 436 genes. Based on the enrichment results, 10 candidate genes associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were selected. Among these, the expression levels of TRE (involved in trehalose degradation), GS (involved in glycogen synthesis), and IDH (involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle) were significantly higher in DP pupae compared to ND pupae. Conversely, the expression levels of TPS (involved in trehalose synthesis) and FH (involved in the TCA cycle) were lower in DP pupae. Additionally, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and synthesis, including ACOT, ADH, GPAT, FAR, and MAGL, exhibited higher expression levels in DP pupae than in ND pupae.【Conclusion】 Based on the transcriptome results, this study analyzed and screened 10 key genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during diapause, providing theoretical insights for subsequent research in this field.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[资源昆虫与利用]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[YU Xian-Hao, ZHANG Qian-Yu, ZHANG Xue, LIN Zhe, ZOU Zhen, ZHANG Jun-Jie]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Baculovirus promotes occlusion-derived virus assembly by inducing nuclear lamina disruption]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603025&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】The nuclear lamina represents a natural barrier to the replication of many DNA viruses. Baculoviruses are important insect pathogens and microbial insecticides. They produce two types of virions during their life cycle: budded virus (BV) and occlusion-derived virus (ODV). Our previous study has clarified the effect of nuclear lamina disruption on BV production, but its role in ODV assembly remains unclear. This study aims to reveal the effect of nuclear lamina disruption on baculovirus ODV assembly, thereby further elucidating the mechanism underlying efficient baculovirus infection in insects.【Methods】Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine intranuclear microvesicle formation and ODV assembly in baculovirus-infected insect cells treated with a cyclin-dependent kinase 1 inhibitor to inhibit nuclear lamina disruption.【Results】Inhibition of nuclear lamina disruption did not affect the nucleocapsid transport to the ring zone, but significantly reduced intranuclear microvesicle formation and led to the abnormal accumulation of nucleocapsid-attached vesicle intermediates, ultimately resulting in the inhibition of ODV assembly.【Conclusion】The nuclear lamina serves as a natural physical barrier to ODV morphogenesis in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Baculoviruses overcome this barrier by inducing nuclear lamina disruption, thereby promoting intranuclear microvesicle formation and ODV assembly, and ultimately facilitating their efficient proliferation in insect hosts. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of baculovirus infection in insects.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[资源昆虫与利用]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[MO Mei, YANG Kai, YUAN Mei-Jin]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Metabolomic analysis of ailanthone-induced alterations in the growth and development of Spodoptera litura larvae]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603026&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】 This study aims to clarify the effect of ailanthone on the metabolome of Spodoptera litura.【Methods】 Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to detect the differential metabolites of the 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura treated with ailanthone, and the differential metabolites were annotated, screened, classified and analyzed by metabolic pathways. 【Results】The results showed that 419 differential metabolites were identified by non targeted metabolomics techniques, with 157 metabolites upregulated and 262 metabolites downregulated, mainly concentrated in 12 categories such as lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acid and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compounds. Among them, the levels of acetyl-L-carnitine, stearoylcarnitine, and gluconic acid were significantly downregulated, reduced to 0.38-, 0.47-, and 0.51-fold of those in the control group, respectively. The levels of N-Linolenoyl glutamine, N-Palmitoleyl glutamine, and Glutamylalanine were upregulated by 8.19-, 7.57-, and 2.18-fold, respectively. The KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that differential metabolites were significantly enriched in 12 metabolic pathways, including purine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and TCA cycle.【Conclusion】 Ailanthone induced significant alterations in the metabolites of S. litura, which further affects the amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, purine pyrimidine metabolism and fatty acid metabolism pathways in S. litura, thereby inhibiting the growth and development of S. litura. This study analyzed the metabolic regulation mechanism of Ailanthone in inhibiting the growth and development of S. litura, providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of this compound as a plant-based pesticide.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Pest Management]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[XIA Guo-Yi, MAO Gen-Lin, DONG Jian-Hao, XU Yu-Hui, LU Wei]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Species identification of chrysanthemum aphids and field efficacy of Cordyceps javanica JS001 against these pests]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603027&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】To accurately identify the aphid species infesting chrysanthemum in China and to explore the application technology of control insecticides,【Methods】aphid species from chrysanthemums were identified through DNA sequencing and morphological characterization. Field efficacy of various insecticides against chrysanthemum aphids was evaluated via spraying experiments, and the safety of Cordyceps javanica JS001 on chrysanthemums was assessed using the growth rate method.【Results】The results indicated that the predominant species of chrysanthemums was Macrosiphoniella sanborni, followed by Aphis gossypii. Field tests demonstrated that when applied at the early stages of aphid occurence, C. javanica JS001 achieved control efficiency of 70% to 96%, with an efficiency exceeding 89% in Jiangsu Province. Safety evaluations revealed that C. javanica JS001 was safe for chrysanthemums and promoted the growth of new shoots in chrysanthemum seedlings at doses of 450 mL/hm2, 900 mL/hm2 and 1 800 mL/hm2.【Conclusion】C. javanica JS001 is recommended as a preferred agent for controlling chrysanthemum aphids.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Pest Management]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[SHENG Gui-Lin, ZHANG Zhi-Chun, GE Xu-Fang, LU Ming-Xing, REN Sen, HAN Jia-Chen, QIAN Zhong-Hai, GUO Hui-Fang, SHEN Ying-Chun]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Preliminary study on the sound recognition methods for Prostephanus truncatus and Rhizopertha dominica in bulk peanuts and corn]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603028&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】This study aims to identify Prostephanus truncatus and Rhizopertha dominica species and developmental stages using acoustic methods by analyzing the movement sounds of adults and larvae in peanuts and corn.【Methods】The acoustic software Cool Edit PRO was employed to analyze the sounds produced by adult and larvae of P. truncatus and R. dominica as they moved through peanuts and corn, by a time-frequency domain approach.【Results】The number of pulses, the peak of insect sounds, the peak of frequency and the duration of pulse of their insect sounds were counted and analyzed to determine characteristic parameters. In peanuts, significant differences were found in the number of pulses, the peak of insect sounds, and pulse duration between P. truncatus and R. dominica adults, between P. truncatus and R. dominica larvae, between P. truncatus adults and larvae, and between R. dominica adults and larvae. The result indicated that number of pulses, peak of insect sounds or pulse duration could distinguish between P. truncatus and R. dominica in each stage. In corn, significant differences were found in number of pulses and pulse duration between P. truncatus and R. dominica adults, and there were significant differences in peak of insect sounds and pulse duration between P. truncatus and R. dominica larvae. The result indicated that number of pulses or pulse duration could distinguish between P. truncatus and R. dominica adults, and peak of insect sounds or pulse duration could distinguish P. truncatus and R. dominica larvae. Number of pulses, peak of insect sounds and pulse duration were significantly different between P. truncatus adults and larvae, and between R. dominica adults and larvae. It indicated that number of pulses, peak of insect sounds or pulse duration could distinguish the adults and larvae of P. truncatus, the adults and larvae of R. dominica.【Conclusion】Sound parameters, including number of pulses, peak of insect sounds, and pulse duration, could effectively differentiate between the species and physiological states of P. truncatus and R. dominica in peanut and corn.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Pest Management]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[CHANG Fei-Fei, YANG Xiao-Jun, LI Yang, XIANG Cai-Yu, ZHENG Si-Zhu, LU Yu-Jie]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Study on thermal sensitivity determination of Xenopsylla cheopis and the efficacy of electric blankets for its control]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603029&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】Focusing on environments with close human contact, such as bedding, this research explores new strategies for the physical control of fleas.【Methods】The study systematically characterized the thermal tolerance of Xenopsylla cheopis. Fleas were exposed to temperatures of 30℃, 35℃, 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃ for vary durations to establish the median lethal temperature LT50 (℃) and median lethal time LT50 (s), based on these findings, three commercially available electronic blankets with Anti-mite Mode were evaluated for their flea control and repellent efficacy.【Results】The median lethal temperature LT50 (℃) of fleas under 15 minutes heat exposure was 43.61℃, the median lethal time LT50(s) of fleas at 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃ were calculated as 4 937.82 s, 231.45 s, 47.26 s, 27.46 s, 23.59 s, 18.38 s, and 15.47 s. Furthermore, after operating the three electric blankets in anti-mite mode for 4 hours with adequate insulation, the mortality rate of fleas inside each blanket reached 100%, and the repellency rate were (96.67 ± 3.33)%, (93.60 ± 1.89)%, (95.48 ± 2.93)% respectively.【Conclusion】Electric blankets, as a complementary tool, can be used for the physical control of fleas in household environments, demonstrating strong potential for practical application.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Pest Management]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[WANG Jia-Lin, LU Liang, LUO Tao, BO Kun, YU Jing-Ying, DENG Ting, REN Dong-Sheng]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Evaluation of resistance in different maize varieties to the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603030&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】The corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), is a major piercing-sucking pest of maize, and its population dynamics are closely related to the level of host plant resistance. To screen for aphid-resistant maize germplasm, this study evaluated the resistance performance of 14 maize varieties and investigated the impact of maize with varying resistance levels on the population development of R. maidis. 【Methods】Using the aphid density ratio method, the seedling-stage resistance of 14 maize varieties was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Based on preliminary resistance ratings, representative varieties—a highly resistant variety (Longyan 588), a susceptible variety (Qiuqing 1), and a highly susceptible variety (Jinkai 10)—were selected to construct life tables for R. maidis.【Results】The results showed that resistant varieties significantly suppressed aphid population growth. Specifically, first-instar nymphs survived for only about one day on the resistant variety Longyan 588, compared to approximately 2 days on Qiuqing 1 and Jinkai 10. Furthermore, the differentiation rate of alate aphids decreased on resistant plants, whereas the opposite trend was observed on susceptible varieties. The resistance evaluation identified Longyan 588, Keyu 188, Huamu 3, Jinkai 7172, and Jinkai 3 as highly resistant; Nongda 108 as resistant; Yayu 26 as moderately resistant; Hongtai 66, Jinyuanzao 247, and Qiuqing 1 as susceptible; and Qiuqing 88, Yayu 8, Hongtai 826, and Jinkai 10 as highly susceptible. Life table analysis confirmed significant differences in the duration of each life stage and the total generation time among varieties. The highly resistant variety Longyan 588 significantly inhibited nymphal development, resulting in a total generation time of only one day on this variety, which was significantly shorter than the 8.57 days on the susceptible variety Qiuqing 1 and the 7.82 days on the highly susceptible variety Jinkai 10. 【Conclusion】Longyan 588 exhibits significant resistance to R. maidis and can therefore serve as a valuable aphid-resistant germplasm resource for subsequent breeding programs and research into resistance mechanisms.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Pest Management]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[LANG Xiao-Ni, YU Zhan-Zi, WU Yi-Ting, HU Ya-Ming, ZHONG Lan-Lan, SUN Qin-Zhe, LIU Lei, SONG Li-Wen, LIU Huan, WANG Sen-Shan]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Screening and application of insect-resistant cassava cultivars suitable for Wuming area]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603031&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】This study aimed to effectively control cassava pests from the source and promote the application of new cassava varieties in Wuming area.【Methods】We screened and evaluated insect-resistant cassava cultivars suitable for the Wuming area. The highly resistant cultivar C1115 and the highly susceptible cultivar SC205 were used as references.【Results】Field survey data from 2022 to 2024 showed that SC15, SC9, GR13 and GS1505 all exhibited resistance to both Tetranychus urticae and Paracoccus marginatus, with average damage indexes ranging from 27.29% to 33.36%, and 33.34% to 36.37%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those for C1115 (10.94% and 11.56%) but significantly lower than those of SC205 (90.57% and 92.24%). Compared to SC205, the average damage indexes were reduced by 57.21%~63.28% and 55.87%~58.90%, respectively. SC12, GS1508, SC5, LIMIN, SC8002 and NZ199 showed moderate resistance to both T. urticae and P. marginatus with average damage indexes ranging from 41.34% to 55.61% and 45.83% to 56.24%, respectively. SC10, SC124, GR4 and GR891 exhibited moderate resistance to T. urticae but were susceptible to P. marginatus with average damage indexes ranging from 48.98% to 56.93% and 66.70% to 69.54%, respectively. SC6068 showed susceptibility to T. urticae but high susceptibility to P. marginatus with average damage indexes of 64.37% and 93.05%, respectively. GR10, KU50 and BREAD were highly susceptible to both T. urticae and P. marginatus with average damage indexes ranging from 93.22% to 95.95% and 95.01% to 95.61%, respectively. Further validation in the Liangjiang, Luoxu, Chengxiang, Taiping and Ningwu areas of Wuming confirmed the resistance performance of SC15, SC9, GR13 and GS1505 to T. urticae and P. marginatus. In these five areas, the average damage indexes ranged from 29.36% to 31.22% and 33.71% to 34.87% for SC15, 31.18% to 33.48% and 34.48% to 35.87% for SC9, 32.45% to 35.53% and 34.86% to 36.46% for GR13, and 34.33% to 35.76% and 35.13% to 36.65% for GS1505, respectively.【Conclusion】The results of this study indicate that SC15, SC9, GR13 and GS1505 exhibit excellent pest resistance to T. urticae and P. marginatus, making them suitable as regionally adapted ideal cultivars for large-scale application in the Wuming area.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Pest Management]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[PAN Feng, FANG Shi-Jing, LI Zhao-Gui, LI Chun-Guang]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Ultrastructural observations of sensilla on the antennae and abdominal tip of Trichogramma pintoi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603032&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】The aim of this study is to identify the main types, morphological characteristics and distribution of sensilla on the adult Trichogramma pintoi Voegele.【Methods】The sensilla on the antennae and abdominal tip were observed and described using scanning electron microscope (SEM). 【Results】The results showed that there were seven types of sensilla on the antennae of the T. pintoi, namely, sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, B?hm bristles, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla placodea, sensilla campaniformia and sensilla falcata, among which the sensilla trichodea were the most numerous. At the tip of the abdomen, there were four types of sensilla, namely, sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, B?hm bristles and sensilla campaniformia.【Conclusion】The present study further enriches the study of the ultrastructure of the sensilla of the Trichogramma species, and provides a morphological basis for the subsequent study of chemical communication mechanism and biocontrol development and utilisation of the Trichogramma.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[昆虫形态与功能]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[LIU Zhou-Yan, YAN Zhen, YUE Jian-Jun, TANG Liang-De, ZANG Lian-Sheng]]></author>
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<title><![CDATA[Observation on the external morphology and ultrastructure of compound eyes of adult Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://hjkcxb.alljournals.net/hjkcxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=202603033&flag=1]]></link>
<description><![CDATA[【Aim】Agrotis ipsilon is a widely distributed migratory pest, which causes severe damage to maize and other important crops. By analyzing the structural characteristics of the compound eye, we can understand the relationship between the complex visual behavior and the mechanism of photosensitivity and phototaxis of A.ipsilon.【Methods】Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the external morphology and internal ultrastructure of the compound eyes of A.ipsilon adults.【Results】The results showed that the compound eyes of A.ipsilon adults were symmetrical compound eyes, born at the base of head antennae, and ellipsoidal in shape. The areas of compound eye in female and male adults were (1.646 ± 0.046) mm2 and (1.554 ± 0.063) mm2. The compound eyes of females and males had (4 679 ± 131) and (4 398 ± 170) ommatidia per eye, respectively. Most of the ommatidia were regular hexagonal, and a few were pentagonal. The surface of each ommatidium was densely covered with corneal nipples, and there were occasional interfacetal hairs in the gap. Each ommatidium was composed of one cornea, four crystalline cone cells, one pair of primary pigment cells, six secondary pigment cells, eight retinal cells, and a basement membrane. The compound eyes of A. ipsilon adults were of the typical superposition type. The distribution pattern of rhabdom followed the '7+1'. There were no obvious differences in the arrangement and internal structure of ommatidia between the female and male adults, but compound eye area and the number of ommatidia in females and males presented obvious sex dimorphism.【Conclusion】This study provided a theoretical basis for the monitoring and control of A. ipsilon using phototaxis.]]></description>
<pubDate>2026/6/22 16:58:15</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[昆虫形态与功能]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[YANG Yu-Kun, ZHANG Bo, YI Jing, REN Mei-Feng, LI Da-Qi, WANG Yi, LU Jun-Jiao]]></author>
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